The Hartz canary is descended from the Hartz Mountain Roller canary. These birds were originally developed in Germany and imported to the United States in great numbers during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, the term "German Roller" refers to the modern song breed that has been refined in Germany but is also popular in the U.S. and world-wide. In America, "Hartz" refers to the type breed descended from the earlier imports. The Roller is judged only on song and the Hartz is judged only on appearance.

To many people, the Hartz looks like your average pet-store canary. In 1985, a standard was established for this breed in the U.S. The National Cage Bird show now has a division for Hartz and there is a Kellogg Award for Best Hartz. Local bird shows may also have a catagory for Hartz. If not, a Hartz canary can usually be entered in the Type Canary section under "AOV" (all other varieties). Entering a pet canary as a Hartz is a great way to get started in exhibiting birds.

Although the Hartz is not considered a song breed, many birds retain their Roller heritage by being free-singing. The Hartz usually has a chopper song. It sings with an open beak and is cheerful and lively. They are good breeders, come in a range of colors (but not red) and can be either plainhead or topknot (crested).

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